Irminfä - Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns

Irminfä pronouns inflect for number (singular, dual and plural) and case (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, locative, instrumental and vocative), same as nouns, and take roughly the same affixes as nouns. Whereas nouns do not have gender, pronouns do distinguish between two genders, masculine and feminine, in the third person. However, the masculine gender is only a relic of Old Irminfä and is not used but in highly poetic style of the modern language. As a consequence it can be said that Irminfä pronouns does not distinguish between genders in general, and the term 'feminine' is therefore referred to as the 'general gender' in modern grammar books, as opposed to the literary masculine gender. In the following table the masculine third person pronouns are highlighted.

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	o	ino	oyyo
	e	ine	eyye
	tär/tärä	tärin/tärinä	täriyyä/täräyyä
Accusative	on	inon	oyyon
	en	inen	eyyen
	tärin/tärän	tärinn/tärinän	täriyyän/täräyyän
Genitive	or	inor	oyyor
	er	iner	eyyer
	tärir/tärär	tärinir/tärinär	täriyyär/täräyyär
Dative	ollo	inollo	oyyollo
	elle	inelle	eyyelle
	tällä (tärlla)/tärällä	tärillä/tärinällä	täriyyällä/täräyyällä
Locative	oto	inoto	oyyoto
	ete	inete	eyyete
	tärtä/tärätä	tärintä/tärinätä	täriyyätä/täräyyätä
Instrumental	ovi	inovi	oyyovi
	evi	inevi	eyyevi
	tärvi/tärävi	tärinvi/tärinävi	täriyyävi/täräyyävi
Vocative	ó	inó	oyyó
	é	iné	eyyé
	tär/tärä	tärín/tärinä	täriyyä/täräyyä

Notes:

The accute accent in certain vocative pronouns marks the stress. The pronouns not marked by an accute accent are stressed by rule on the last syllable as well.

The third person masculine has two forms in the dative, tällä and tärllä, the former still in current use. Tärllä, which has the pronunciation of Old Irminfä (the consonant group rll, later evolved into ll in Modern Irminfä), is absolutely obsolete and does not appear except in old texts or intended to be an archaism.